Hubble Space Telescope finds the answer to why Uranus and Neptune are different shades of blue

By using data from NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope, Gemini North Telescope, and the Infrared Telescope Facility, astronomers created an atmospheric model that not only matches the observations of the ice giants but also reveals that Uranus has excess haze builds up in its stagnant, sluggish atmosphere, and gives it a lighter blue than Neptune.

Neptune and Uranus as ice giants share a lot of similarities– both have similar masses, diameters, and atmospheric compositions–however, their appearances are different. Observing them at visible wavelengths, Neptunes appears a rich deep blue color whereas Uranus appears as a pale shade of cyan. Astronomers now have an answer to why the ice giants are different colors of blue.

A new study suggests that a concentrated layer of haze is thicker on Uranus than on Neptune, making Uranus’s atmosphere appear whiter than Neptune’s. If haze wasn’t present in the atmosphere of both planets, then Uranus and Neptune would both appear near equally the same shade of blue as blue light scattered across their atmospheres.

This conclusion comes from an international team (led by Patrick Irwin, Professor of Planetary Physics at Oxford University) model that’s developed to describe aerosol layers in the atmospheres of Uranus and Neptune. Past observations of these planets’ upper atmosphere concentrate on the appearance of the atmospheres during specific wavelengths. The new atmospheric model consists of multiple atmospheric layers and matches previous recorded data of both planets observed in specific wavelengths. The new model also includes haze particles in the deepest atmospheric layers of both planets and was previously thought to contain only clouds of methane and hydrogen sulfide ices.

According to the lead author of a paper representing the result in the Journal of Geophysical Research Irwin, he stated:” This is the first model to simultaneously fit observations of reflected sunlight from ultraviolet to near-infrared wavelengths,”. Author Irwin made another statement saying:” It’s also the first to explain the difference in visible color between Uranus and Neptune”.

The New Model

The team’s model depicts three layers of aerosols at different heights. The middle layer affects the color and is the layer that contains haze particles that are larger on Uranus than on Neptune. The team suggests that, in both worlds, methane ices condense onto particles in the middle layer, and particles are then pulled into deeper aspects of the atmospheres in the form of methane snow. Since Neptune has a more dynamic, turbulent atmosphere more-so than Uranus, the team believes that Neptune’s atmosphere is more efficient at pulling methane particles deep into the haze layer and creating methane snow than Uranus’s atmosphere. As a result, this removes more haze and keeps Neptune’s haze layer thinner compared to Uranus, which explains the planet’s darker blue color.

The new model was created by Professor Irwin’s team and analyzed archival data from several years of observation from the NASA/ ESA Hubble Space Telescope. Spectrographic information was collected with Hubble’s STIS (Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph), exposing a range of wavelengths from ultraviolet to visible to near-infrared (0.3-1.0 micrometres respectively). The data was further complemented from two ground-based telescopes: a set of newly recorded data from the Gemini North Telescope and archival data from the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility.

What does Hubble’s data show about Uranus and Neptune?

With the addition of the team to examine the spectrums of both planets, they also use data from some of Hubble’s images of the planets taken with its Wide Field Camera 3(WFC3). Hubble offers astounding perspectives of the differentiable atmospheric storms known by both planets as dark spots, which are storms astronomers have known for several years. It was unknown which atmospheric layers were bothered by dark spots to make them appear visible to Hubble. the model created by the teams explains why storms carry dark appearances, and why they’re easily more detectable on Neptune than on Uranus.

By using sharp captured images from Hubble, the team could reevaluate and confirm whether or not their hypothesis is correct. Simulated images based on the model were seen to closely match Hubble’s WFC3 images of both planets creating dark spots being visible at the same wavelengths. Thick haze in the Aerosol-2 layer on Uranus that’s responsible for its light blue color is also believed to be blocking dark spots very often than on Neptune.

Left: Hubble’s view of Uranus captured on October 25, 2021, shows Uranus’s bright northern polar hood in the spotlight.  Right: Hubble’s view of Neptune captured on September 7, 2021, highlights the planet’s dark spot and darkened northern hemisphere.

 Image Credit: NASA, ESA, A. Simon (Goddard Space Flight Center), M.H. Wong (University of California, Berkeley), and the OPAL team

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  102. Spanning a long time, this is an outlier in Ernaux’s oeuvre; not like her other books, with their tight shut-ups on moments in her life, here such intimacies are embedded in the larger sweep of social history. It doesn’t mean, “Kasey, you have hep C, you’re going to die.” It means it is advisable get healthy and here are some remedy plans that will work for you. Legally, it doesn’t do something, nevertheless it does stop anyone from assuming you’ve plagiarized. However, Forbes can verify earlier than the Dax News account was deleted, neither the “eye for an eye” story nor the opposite movies on the account had been labeled as AI-generated, and the “eye for an eye” story doesn’t carry this label on the a number of other movies posted by other TikTokers. However it doesn’t necessarily have an effect on you immediately. It might probably affect a lot greater than you assume. Offer that safe space so people can be weak. Our group is about connecting folks through open and thoughtful conversations.

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